The Mental Disorders

The Mental Disorders -- As defined by the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (The DSM-IV), listed by category.
Adjustment
Anxiety
Childhood
Cognitive
Conversion
Dissociative
Dyssomnia & parasomnia
Eating
Mood
Mood (bipolar)
Personality
Schizophrenia & other psychotic
Sexual
Sexual dysfunction & sexual response
Somatoform
Substance-related
Transvestism & gender identity
Adjustment Disorders
Adjustment Disorder

The fundamental feature is the development of clinically significant emotional or behavioral manifestations to an identifiable psychologically stressed related disturbance (except bereavement). Symptoms are for no more than six months. Associated features may include a depressed mood, sexual dysfunction, guilt, and obsession.

Anxiety Disorders
Panic Disorder

A discrete period of intense fear or discomfort.

Agoraphobia

Anxiety about being in places or situations from which escape might be difficult.

Social Phobia

A marked and persistent fear of one or more social or performance situations in which the person is exposed to unfamiliar people or to possible scrutiny by others.

Specific Phobia

Distinguished and chronic fear that is extreme or irrational, set off by the presence or expectation of a situation or thing such as flying, heights, animals, receiving an injection, or seeing blood. Anxiety in the presence of a specific stimuli.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Either obsessions or compulsions causing a clinically significant distress that is time consuming or significantly interferes with a standard routine (such as occupational, social and personal activities).

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

A person has been exposed to a traumatic event in which the traumatic event is persistently re-experienced and causing marked difficulties in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Extreme anxiety and concern—and difficulty in controlling the worry—for more days than not over any number of occurrences (such as occupation).

Acute Stress Disorder

An individual is exposed to a traumatic event (which is persistently re-experienced). It is similar to Post Traumatic Stress Disorder but must occur within a four-week period of the event and be resolved within a four-week period.

Childhood Disorders
Attention-Deficit Disorder

A consistent inability to give specific attention to fine points or makes careless errors in areas of life such as education, work, and personal activities. Signs of persistent hyperactivity-impulsivity. Developmentally inappropriate for the age of child.

Autistic Disorder

Delays or abnormal functioning in social interactions, with marked impairments in communication.

Conduct Disorder

A recurrent and chronic pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others are violated (such as aggression to people or animals, destruction of property, theft, or deceitfulness).

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

A pattern of negativistic, hostile, and defiant behavior towards authority.

Separation Anxiety Disorder

Developmentally unsuitable and extreme distress concerning separation from home and/or persons.

Tourette’s Disorder

The marked presence of both aggregated motor and vocal tics.

Rett’s Disorder

More specific patterns of deficit than Autism, beginning at age five months. Conditions include decelerated head growth, loss of hand skills, and impaired language development. Reported in females only.

Childhood Disintegrative Disorder

After the age of two and before age ten, there is a loss of previously required skills in two or more areas (such as language, social, or motor skill). In Autism the developmental abnormalities are evident earlier, in the first year after birth.

Asperger’s Disorder

Qualitative impairment in social interaction and restricted repetitive and stereotyped behaviors, interests and activities. In contrast to Autism, there is no delay in language development.

Mental Retardation

Significantly sub-average intellectual functioning (IQ = 70 or below); impairments in adaptive functioning; and onset before eighteen years of age.

Borderline Intellectual Functioning

The person’s IQ is in the 71 – 84 range.

Learning Disorder

As opposed to all areas, achievement in one specific area (such as reading, math, or language) is substantially below average.

Cognitive Disorders
Delirium

Diminished ability to maintain attention to outside stimulation and to appropriately shift attention.

Vascular Dementia

Damage in short and long term memory affecting such things as abstract thinking and judgment in a stepwise and patchy progression. Caused by Arteriosclerosis or Cerbovascular disease.

Dementia (Alcoholism)

Impairment in short and long term memory loss due to a prolonged and/or heavy ingestion of alcohol.

Dementia (Alzheimer Type)

Damage in short and long term memory with personality change and irritability. Gradual onset of symptoms and a slow progressive decline beginning usually around age 65.

Dementia

Impairment in short and long term memory gradually where the person is usually unaware of the impairment.

Amnestic Disorder

Impairment in the ability to learn new information or to recall previously learned information or past events. It is caused by a general medical condition or substance abuse.

Conversion Disorders
Conversion Disorder

Symptoms that suggest a serious neurological or other medical disorder (paralysis, blindness) but for which no medical explanation can be found. Conversion Disorders have two characteristics:

Primary Gain – Keeping an inner conflict out of consciousness.

Secondary Gain – Avoiding an activity or obtaining support.

Dissociative Disorders
Depersonalization Disorder

One or more episodes of depersonalization (feeling of detachment or estrangement from oneself), with reality testing left relatively intact.

Dissociative Amnesia

One or more episodes of an inability to recall important personal information that cannot be attributed to ordinary forgetfulness. The gaps in memory are often related to a traumatic event.

Dissociative Fugue

Abrupt, unexpected travel away from home or work with an inability to remember some or all of one’s past and confusion about one’s personal identity or a partial or total assumption of a new identity.

Dissociative Identity Disorder

The existence of two or more distinct identities or personality states where each has its own pattern of perceiving, relating to and thinking about the environment and self.

Dyssomnia & Parasomnia Disorders
Dyssomnias

Sleep disorders characterized by disturbances in the amount, quality and timing of sleep.

Parasomnias

Sleep disorders involving behavioral or physiological abnormalities during sleep or in the sleep-wakefulness transition.

Eating Disorders
Anorexia Nervosa

A fierce panic at gaining weight or becoming fat, even though underweight. There is an unwillingness to maintain body weight at or above a normal weight for age and height.

Bulimia Nervosa

Ongoing and extremely inappropriate compensatory behavior in order to prevent weight gain and experienced through such behavior as self-induced vomiting, misuse of laxatives, diuretics, enemas, or other medications.

Mood Disorders
Major Depressive Disorder

The marked appearance of an abnormally depressed mood. The sorrow is often described as a despondent, forlorn, broken hearted. Depressed mood for a majority of time as indicated by such things as poor appetite, overeating, low energy, fatigue, low self-esteem, poor concentration, difficulty making decisions, or feelings of hopelessness. There is a markedly diminished interest or pleasure in all, or almost all, activities.

Dysthymic Disorder

Chronically depressed mood, which is present most of the time for at least two years in adults and one year in children.

Bipolar Mood Disorders
Bipolar Disorder

The presence of at least one or more Manic or Mixed Episodes with or without a history of a Major Depressive Episode.

Bipolar II Disorder

In contrast to Bipolar I Disorder, there are no Manic or Mixed Episodes.

Cyclothymic Disorder

Fluctuating hypomanic symptoms and numerous periods of depressive symptoms for at least two years in adults or one year in children or adolescents.

Personality Disorders
Paranoid Personality

A pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others such that their motives are interpreted as malevolent.

Schizoid Personality

A pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of expressions and emotions with regard to interpersonal settings. Beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts.

Schizoitypal Personality

A pervasive pattern of social and interpersonal deficits marked by acute discomfort with, and reduced capacity for, close relationships as well as by cognitive or perceptual distortions and eccentricities of behavior, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts.

Antisocial Personality

A pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others. Most significant is the substantial lack of remorse for the crimes that they commit. They also often exhibit an inability to control their violent impulses. They erupt without warning.

Borderline Personality

A pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulse behavior. Beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts.

Histrionic Personality

A pervasive and excessive emotionality, theatricality, self-dramatization and attention-seeking behavior. Beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts.

Narcissistic Personality

A pervasive self-centeredness—an all-encompassing grandiosity about themselves, their achievements, and their place in life. Along with this exalted self-centered behavior, there is also a discernible lack of empathy and a sense of entitlement that blinds them to all needs except their own. Beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts.

Avoidant Personality

A pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts.

Dependent Personality

A pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of that leads to submissive and clinging behavior and fears of separation, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts.

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality

A pervasive pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal control—at the expense of flexibility, openness and efficiency. Beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts.

Schizophrenia & Other Psychotic Disorder
Schizophrenia

A preoccupation with delusions or frequent auditory hallucinations. Characteristic symptoms include disorganized speech and/or disorganized behavior, a flat or improper sway in their person, physical immobility or excessive activity, marked instances extreme negativism, and idiosyncrasies in intentional movement as demonstrated by their posturing.

Delusional Disorder

Non-bizarre delusions (such as those involving situations that occur in real life, such as being followed, poisoned, infected, loved at a distance, or deceived by spouse or lover, or having a disease). Characteristics include a grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior negative symptoms.

Brief Psychotic Disorder

Symptoms occur shortly after and apparently in response to events that, singly or together, would be markedly stressful to almost anyone in similar circumstances in the person's culture. Characteristics of delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior.

Schizoaffective Disorder

An uninterrupted period of illness during which, at some time, there is either a Major Depressive Episode, or a Manic Episode, or a Mixed Episode concurrent with symptoms that meet the criteria for Schizophrenia.

Shared Psychotic Disorder

A delusion develops in an individual in the context of a close relationship with another person(s), who has an already-established delusion. The delusion is similar in content to that of the person who already has the established delusion.

Sexual Disorders
Paraphilia

A Sexual Disorder in which intense, recurrent sexual urges, fantasies or behaviors involve either non-human objects; the suffering or humiliation of oneself or one’s partner; or children or non-consenting partners. Examples include Fetishism, Pedophilia and Voyeurism.

Sexual Dysfunction & Sexual Response Disorders
Desire Phase Dysfunction

Includes sexual fantasies and desire for sex.

Excitement Phase Dysfunction

Includes physiological changes related to arousal.

Orgasm Phase Dysfunction

The culmination of sexual pleasure, with release of sexual tension

Somatoform Disorders
Somatoform Disorder

Physical symptoms that suggest a medical condition, but that are not fully explained by a medical condition, the effects of a substance or another mental disorder. The symptoms are not voluntarily produced.

Substance-Related Disorders
Substance Abuse

A maladaptive pattern of substance use involving clinically significant impairment or distress as manifested by the presence of at least one symptom during a 12-month period.

Substance Dependence

Involving the continued use of a substance despite significant substance-related problems, as evidence by the presence of at least three characteristic symptoms during a 12-month period. Dependence may or may not involve tolerance and withdrawal (physiological dependence). Substance Dependence is more serious than Substance Abuse.

Substance Withdrawal

Autonomic hyperactivity, hand tremor, insomnia, nausea or vomiting, transient illusions or hallucinations, anxiety, psychomotor agitation and/or agitation following a period of prolonged or heavy use.

The Dependence Disorders

The Disorders for Substance Abuse, Substance Dependence and Substance Withdrawal are:

Alcohol Dependence Disorder
Amphetamine Dependence Disorder
Cannabis Dependence Disorder
Cocaine Dependence Disorder
Hallucinogen Dependence Disorder
Inhalant Dependence Disorder
Nicotine Dependence Disorder
Opioid Dependence Disorder
Phencyclidine Dependence Disorder
Sedative Dependence Disorder

Transvestism & Gender Identity Disorders
Transvestism

In a male, recurrent, intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges or behaviors involving cross-dressing.

Gender Identity Disorder

Involves a strong persistent cross-gender identification and discomfort with one’s sex or a sense of inappropriateness in the gender role of that sex.